The Basics

HSE has published clear, practical guidance to help small and low‑risk businesses meet their legal duties under health and safety law. For many organisations, these straightforward steps may be all that’s needed to stay compliant and protect workers from harm. This introduction helps employers understand where they may need to do more and how to plan, monitor, and review their control measures effectively. 

Every business must have a health and safety policy that sets out who does what, when, and how. A written policy is required if you employ five or more people. HSE provides guidance on what a policy should include and how it helps you manage risks. 

Employers must identify hazards, assess risks, and decide on appropriate control measures. This includes considering routine and non‑routine activities, as well as risks to workers, visitors, and contractors. HSE’s simple risk assessment approach is suitable for most small businesses. 

Certain injuries, near‑misses, and work‑related illnesses must be reported to HSE under RIDDOR. Understanding what must be reported helps businesses stay compliant and ensures serious incidents are properly investigated. 

Workers must understand their health and safety duties and know how to work safely. Employers must provide clear information, instruction, and training relevant to the tasks employees carry out. 

Involving workers in health and safety decisions helps identify risks early and improves the effectiveness of control measures. Consultation can be informal or through elected representatives, depending on the size and structure of the business. 

Employers must ensure workers have access to suitable welfare facilities, including toilets, washbasins, drinking water, and rest areas. These are basic legal requirements for all workplaces. 

Businesses must have appropriate first aid arrangements, including a stocked first aid kit, trained personnel, and clear procedures. The level of provision depends on the risks within the workplace. 

Employers must either display the official HSE Health and Safety Law Poster or provide each worker with the equivalent leaflet. This ensures employees understand their rights and responsibilities. 

Every business must appoint one or more competent persons to help meet health and safety duties. This can be the employer, an employee, or an external adviser, depending on the level of expertise required. 

HSE encourages businesses to subscribe for free updates and provides sector‑specific guidance for industries such as construction, agriculture, motor vehicle repair, waste management, and more.